region-allocator.cc

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// Copyright 2018 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
 
#include "src/base/region-allocator.h"
 
#include <iterator>
 
#include "src/base/bits.h"
#include "src/base/logging.h"
#include "src/base/macros.h"
 
namespace v8 {
namespace base {
 
// If |free_size| < |region_size| * |kMaxLoadFactorForRandomization| stop trying
// to randomize region allocation.
constexpr double kMaxLoadFactorForRandomization = 0.40;
 
// Max number of attempts to allocate page at random address.
constexpr int kMaxRandomizationAttempts = 3;
 
RegionAllocator::RegionAllocator(Address memory_region_begin,
                                 size_t memory_region_size, size_t page_size)
    : whole_region_(memory_region_begin, memory_region_size,
                    RegionState::kFree),
      region_size_in_pages_(size() / page_size),
      max_load_for_randomization_(
          static_cast<size_t>(size() * kMaxLoadFactorForRandomization)),
      free_size_(0),
      page_size_(page_size) {
  CHECK_LT(begin(), end());
  CHECK(base::bits::IsPowerOfTwo(page_size_));
  CHECK(IsAligned(size(), page_size_));
  CHECK(IsAligned(begin(), page_size_));
 
  // Initial region.
  Region* region = new Region(whole_region_);
 
  all_regions_.insert(region);
 
  FreeListAddRegion(region);
}
 
RegionAllocator::~RegionAllocator() {
  // TODO(chromium:1218005) either (D)CHECK that all allocated regions have
  // been freed again (and thus merged into a single region) or do that now.
  for (Region* region : all_regions_) {
    delete region;
  }
}
 
RegionAllocator::AllRegionsSet::iterator RegionAllocator::FindRegion(
    Address address) {
  if (!whole_region_.contains(address)) return all_regions_.end();
 
  Region key(address, 0, RegionState::kFree);
  AllRegionsSet::iterator iter = all_regions_.upper_bound(&key);
  // Regions in |all_regions_| are compared by end() values and key's end()
  // points exactly to the address we are querying, so the upper_bound will
  // find the region whose |end()| is greater than the requested address.
  DCHECK_NE(iter, all_regions_.end());
  DCHECK((*iter)->contains(address));
  return iter;
}
 
void RegionAllocator::FreeListAddRegion(Region* region) {
  free_size_ += region->size();
  free_regions_.insert(region);
}
 
RegionAllocator::Region* RegionAllocator::FreeListFindRegion(size_t size) {
  Region key(0, size, RegionState::kFree);
  auto iter = free_regions_.lower_bound(&key);
  return iter == free_regions_.end() ? nullptr : *iter;
}
 
void RegionAllocator::FreeListRemoveRegion(Region* region) {
  DCHECK(region->is_free());
  auto iter = free_regions_.find(region);
  DCHECK_NE(iter, free_regions_.end());
  DCHECK_EQ(region, *iter);
  DCHECK_LE(region->size(), free_size_);
  free_size_ -= region->size();
  free_regions_.erase(iter);
}
 
RegionAllocator::Region* RegionAllocator::Split(Region* region,
                                                size_t new_size) {
  DCHECK(IsAligned(new_size, page_size_));
  DCHECK_NE(new_size, 0);
  DCHECK_GT(region->size(), new_size);
 
  if (on_split_) on_split_(region->begin(), new_size);
 
  // Create new region and put it to the lists after the |region|.
  DCHECK(!region->is_excluded());
  RegionState state = region->state();
  Region* new_region =
      new Region(region->begin() + new_size, region->size() - new_size, state);
  if (state == RegionState::kFree) {
    // Remove region from the free list before updating it's size.
    FreeListRemoveRegion(region);
  }
  region->set_size(new_size);
 
  all_regions_.insert(new_region);
 
  if (state == RegionState::kFree) {
    FreeListAddRegion(region);
    FreeListAddRegion(new_region);
  }
  return new_region;
}
 
void RegionAllocator::Merge(AllRegionsSet::iterator prev_iter,
                            AllRegionsSet::iterator next_iter) {
  Region* prev = *prev_iter;
  Region* next = *next_iter;
  DCHECK_EQ(prev->end(), next->begin());
 
  if (on_merge_) on_merge_(prev->begin(), prev->size() + next->size());
 
  prev->set_size(prev->size() + next->size());
 
  all_regions_.erase(next_iter);  // prev_iter stays valid.
 
  // The |next| region must already not be in the free list.
  DCHECK_EQ(free_regions_.find(next), free_regions_.end());
  delete next;
}
 
RegionAllocator::Address RegionAllocator::AllocateRegion(size_t size) {
  DCHECK_NE(size, 0);
  DCHECK(IsAligned(size, page_size_));
 
  Region* region = FreeListFindRegion(size);
  if (region == nullptr) return kAllocationFailure;
 
  if (region->size() != size) {
    Split(region, size);
  }
  DCHECK(IsAligned(region->begin(), page_size_));
  DCHECK_EQ(region->size(), size);
 
  // Mark region as used.
  FreeListRemoveRegion(region);
  region->set_state(RegionState::kAllocated);
  return region->begin();
}
 
RegionAllocator::Address RegionAllocator::AllocateRegion(
    RandomNumberGenerator* rng, size_t size) {
  if (free_size() >= max_load_for_randomization_) {
    // There is enough free space for trying to randomize the address.
    size_t random = 0;
 
    for (int i = 0; i < kMaxRandomizationAttempts; i++) {
      rng->NextBytes(&random, sizeof(random));
      size_t random_offset = page_size_ * (random % region_size_in_pages_);
      Address address = begin() + random_offset;
      if (AllocateRegionAt(address, size, RegionState::kAllocated)) {
        return address;
      }
    }
    // Fall back to free list allocation.
  }
  return AllocateRegion(size);
}
 
bool RegionAllocator::AllocateRegionAt(Address requested_address, size_t size,
                                       RegionState region_state) {
  DCHECK(IsAligned(requested_address, page_size_));
  DCHECK_NE(size, 0);
  DCHECK(IsAligned(size, page_size_));
  DCHECK_NE(region_state, RegionState::kFree);
 
  Address requested_end = requested_address + size;
  DCHECK_LE(requested_end, end());
 
  Region* region;
  {
    AllRegionsSet::iterator region_iter = FindRegion(requested_address);
    if (region_iter == all_regions_.end()) {
      return false;
    }
    region = *region_iter;
  }
  if (!region->is_free() || region->end() < requested_end) {
    return false;
  }
  // Found free region that includes the requested one.
  if (region->begin() != requested_address) {
    // Split the region at the |requested_address| boundary.
    size_t new_size = requested_address - region->begin();
    DCHECK(IsAligned(new_size, page_size_));
    region = Split(region, new_size);
  }
  if (region->end() != requested_end) {
    // Split the region at the |requested_end| boundary.
    Split(region, size);
  }
  DCHECK_EQ(region->begin(), requested_address);
  DCHECK_EQ(region->size(), size);
 
  // Mark region as used.
  FreeListRemoveRegion(region);
  region->set_state(region_state);
  return true;
}
 
RegionAllocator::Address RegionAllocator::AllocateAlignedRegion(
    size_t size, size_t alignment) {
  DCHECK(IsAligned(size, page_size_));
  DCHECK(IsAligned(alignment, page_size_));
  DCHECK_GE(alignment, page_size_);
 
  const size_t padded_size = size + alignment - page_size_;
  Region* region = FreeListFindRegion(padded_size);
  if (region == nullptr) {
    // In case we are out of space we might still fit an allocation without
    // padding and the result might still satisfy our alignment requirements.
    region = FreeListFindRegion(size);
  }
  if (region == nullptr) return kAllocationFailure;
 
  if (!IsAligned(region->begin(), alignment)) {
    size_t start = RoundUp(region->begin(), alignment);
    if (start + size > region->end()) {
      return kAllocationFailure;
    }
    region = Split(region, start - region->begin());
    DCHECK_EQ(region->begin(), start);
    DCHECK(IsAligned(region->begin(), alignment));
  }
 
  if (region->size() != size) {
    Split(region, size);
  }
  DCHECK(IsAligned(region->begin(), alignment));
  DCHECK_EQ(region->size(), size);
 
  // Mark region as used.
  FreeListRemoveRegion(region);
  region->set_state(RegionState::kAllocated);
  return region->begin();
}
 
RegionAllocator::Address RegionAllocator::AllocateRegion(Address hint,
                                                         size_t size,
                                                         size_t alignment) {
  DCHECK(IsAligned(alignment, page_size()));
  DCHECK(IsAligned(hint, alignment));
 
  if (hint && contains(hint, size)) {
    if (AllocateRegionAt(hint, size)) {
      return hint;
    }
  }
 
  Address address;
  if (alignment <= page_size()) {
    // TODO(chromium:1218005): Consider using randomized version here.
    address = AllocateRegion(size);
  } else {
    address = AllocateAlignedRegion(size, alignment);
  }
 
  return address;
}
 
size_t RegionAllocator::TrimRegion(Address address, size_t new_size) {
  DCHECK(IsAligned(new_size, page_size_));
 
  AllRegionsSet::iterator region_iter = FindRegion(address);
  if (region_iter == all_regions_.end()) {
    return 0;
  }
  Region* region = *region_iter;
  if (region->begin() != address || !region->is_allocated()) {
    return 0;
  }
 
  // The region must not be in the free list.
  DCHECK_EQ(free_regions_.find(*region_iter), free_regions_.end());
 
  if (new_size > 0) {
    region = Split(region, new_size);
    ++region_iter;
  }
  size_t size = region->size();
  region->set_state(RegionState::kFree);
 
  // Merge current region with the surrounding ones if they are free.
  if (region->end() != whole_region_.end()) {
    // There must be a range after the current one.
    AllRegionsSet::iterator next_iter = std::next(region_iter);
    DCHECK_NE(next_iter, all_regions_.end());
    if ((*next_iter)->is_free()) {
      // |next| region object will be deleted during merge, remove it from
      // the free list.
      FreeListRemoveRegion(*next_iter);
      Merge(region_iter, next_iter);
    }
  }
  if (new_size == 0 && region->begin() != whole_region_.begin()) {
    // There must be a range before the current one.
    AllRegionsSet::iterator prev_iter = std::prev(region_iter);
    DCHECK_NE(prev_iter, all_regions_.end());
    if ((*prev_iter)->is_free()) {
      // |prev| region's size will change, we'll have to re-insert it into
      // the proper place of the free list.
      FreeListRemoveRegion(*prev_iter);
      Merge(prev_iter, region_iter);
      // |prev| region becomes the current region.
      region_iter = prev_iter;
      region = *region_iter;
    }
  }
  FreeListAddRegion(region);
  return size;
}
 
size_t RegionAllocator::CheckRegion(Address address) {
  AllRegionsSet::iterator region_iter = FindRegion(address);
  if (region_iter == all_regions_.end()) {
    return 0;
  }
  Region* region = *region_iter;
  if (region->begin() != address || region->is_free()) {
    return 0;
  }
  return region->size();
}
 
bool RegionAllocator::IsFree(Address address, size_t size) {
  CHECK(contains(address, size));
  AllRegionsSet::iterator region_iter = FindRegion(address);
  if (region_iter == all_regions_.end()) {
    return true;
  }
  Region* region = *region_iter;
  return region->is_free() && region->contains(address, size);
}
 
namespace {
const char* RegionStateToString(RegionAllocator::RegionState state) {
  switch (state) {
    case RegionAllocator::RegionState::kFree:
      return "free";
    case RegionAllocator::RegionState::kExcluded:
      return "excluded";
    case RegionAllocator::RegionState::kAllocated:
      return "used";
    default:
      UNREACHABLE();
  }
}
}  // namespace
 
void RegionAllocator::Region::Print(std::ostream& os) const {
  std::ios::fmtflags flags = os.flags(std::ios::hex | std::ios::showbase);
  os << "[" << begin() << ", " << end() << "), size: " << size();
  os << ", " << RegionStateToString(state_);
  os.flags(flags);
}
 
void RegionAllocator::Print(std::ostream& os) const {
  std::ios::fmtflags flags = os.flags(std::ios::hex | std::ios::showbase);
  os << "RegionAllocator: [" << begin() << ", " << end() << ")";
  os << "\nsize: " << size();
  os << "\nfree_size: " << free_size();
  os << "\npage_size: " << page_size_;
 
  os << "\nall regions: ";
  for (const Region* region : all_regions_) {
    os << "\n  ";
    region->Print(os);
  }
 
  os << "\nfree regions: ";
  for (const Region* region : free_regions_) {
    os << "\n  ";
    region->Print(os);
  }
  os << "\n";
  os.flags(flags);
}
 
}  // namespace base
}  // namespace v8